{"id":5015,"date":"2019-11-22T12:29:41","date_gmt":"2019-11-22T11:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.permind.eu\/learningplatform\/curriculum\/ucna-enota-vi-od-semena-do-nabiranja-sadov\/"},"modified":"2019-12-11T09:29:00","modified_gmt":"2019-12-11T08:29:00","slug":"ucna-enota-vi-od-semena-do-nabiranja-sadov","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.permind.eu\/learningplatform\/curriculum\/ucna-enota-vi-od-semena-do-nabiranja-sadov\/?lang=sl","title":{"rendered":"U\u010dna enota VI.-OD SEMENA DO NABIRANJA SADOV"},"content":{"rendered":"

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VI.1 Merila za izbiro semen<\/strong><\/h2>\n

V tej enoti poudarjamo pomembnost rastlinske biotske raznovrstnosti v na\u0161ih zelenjavnih vrtovih in vrtnih gozdovih z namenom pridobitve gojenega ekosistema, ki je \u010dim bolj podoben ekosistemom v naravi<\/strong>. Semena lahko pridobimo na lastnih vrtovih. Omogo\u010dajo nam, da zagotovimo ustrezno prehransko raznolikost in kontinuiteto prehrane za naslednje generacije.<\/p>\n

Dobra izbira na\u0161ih semen se pojavi, ko smo v interakciji z obkro\u017eajo\u010dimi semenskimi mre\u017eami,<\/strong> ki nam s tradicionalnim znanjem zagotavljajo rastlinski material, ki je primeren za to obmo\u010dje. Ta material prihaja iz zanesljivih virov in je bil vzgojen na ekolo\u0161ki ali odgovoren na\u010din in zato zagotavlja visoko stopnjo kalivosti.<\/p>\n

Vse to nam omogo\u010da zbiranje visokokakovostnih semen mati\u010dnih rastlin in vzdr\u017eevanje naslednjih semen, ki zagotavljajo kontinuiteto pridelkov.<\/p>\n

Eno od meril za izbiro mati\u010dne rastline je, da se upo\u0161tevajo njena oblika ob upo\u0161tevanju razvoja njene rasti: mo\u010dna rast in zdrav izgled, dobro cvetenje, rastlina s sadom, ki ima enake velikosti in lastnosti kot sad prvotne rastline. Te rastline bi morale biti odporne proti boleznim in zajedavcem ter biti redne v procesu kalitve. Na rastlinah, ki jih \u017eelimo dobiti semena, bi jih morali pustiti \u010dim ve\u010d cvetov, da bi zagotovili ve\u010djo \u010distost in visok odstotek pridelave semena, saj bi se nekatere lahko po\u0161kodovale.<\/p>\n

Nikoli ne izberemo rastlin, ki cvetijo pred\u010dasno, ki so prehitro zrastle, ali ki nimajo istega izgleda kot druge rastline (slika VI.1).<\/p>\n

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Table of contents<\/h3>\n

VI.1 – Merila za izbiro semen<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

VI.2 – \u010cas, da naberemo na\u0161a semena<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

VI.3 – Setev v na\u0161em rastlinjaku<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

VI.4 – \u010cas za presaditev v zemljo<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

VI.5 – Gojenje biotske raznovrstnosti<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

VI.6 – Nabiranje plodov za bio-\u0161katle<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

VI.7 – <\/strong><\/a>Prodaja na\u0161ih pridelkov<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

VI.8 – Zaklju\u010dek<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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Slika VI.1.-Rastlina, ki jo hranimo za seme, je tista na desni, ki lepo cveti, medtem ko se tisto na levi, ki nima zdravega videza, odstrani.<\/p>\n

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Viri informacij, na katere se zana\u0161amo pri gojenju rastlin za pridobivanje semen, so tradicionalno znanje in bibliografija o hibridizaciji nekaterih rastlin.<\/p>\n

Da bi se izognili hibridizaciji rastlin, ki pripadajo isti dru\u017eini, jih lahko izoliramo v prostoru, v \u010dasu ali z ro\u010dno tehniko.<\/p>\n

Prostorska izolacija rastlin se uporablja za pridobivanje semen iz razli\u010dnih rastlin, njihovo sajenje na najve\u010dji razdalji, da se ne hibridizirajo. Vendar je to najmanj priporo\u010dljiva tehnika, ko gre za ohranjanje \u010distosti na\u0161ih rastlin zaradi visokega odstotka hibridizacije z \u017eu\u017eelkami in vetrom. \u010ce \u017eelimo uspeti, potrebujemo veliko obmo\u010dje za za\u0161\u010dito rastlin pred cvetnim prahom drugih, lahko pa uporabimo tudi mre\u017ee ali termi\u010dne odeje.<\/p>\n

S prostorsko izolacijo hkrati prepre\u010dujemo cvetenje rastlin: na primer, rde\u010de pese posadimo v druga\u010dnem \u010dasu kot blitvo ali pa prepre\u010dimo cvetenje ob istem \u010dasu.<\/p>\n

Lahko se zgodi tudi, da nekatere rastline proizvajajo hibridne potomce na naraven na\u010din ali ker nismo opazili, da smo jih postavili preve\u010d blizu drugo drugi. Na primer, \u010de dovolimo, da razli\u010dne vrste redkev, rde\u010de in \u010drne, cvetijo v istem okolju, se lahko njihova semena razvijejo v izvirno redkev ali v vijoli\u010dno ali \u010drno sorto, ki ima zna\u010dilnosti rde\u010de ali obratno (slika VI.2).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.2.-Hibridne redkvice<\/p>\n

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\u010ce ne \u017eelimo, da bi se to zgodilo, moramo skozi vse leto vrteti razli\u010dne sorte, da bi ohranili njihovo \u010distost, toda iz hibridnega potomca lahko dobimo novo sorto, ki se bo, \u010de bomo ohranili njeno obliko v ve\u010d generacijah, preoblikovala v drugo seme.<\/p>\n

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VI.2 \u010cas, da naberemo na\u0161a semena<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Postopek zorenja za nabiranje semen je odvisen od vrste rastline. Oglejmo si nekaj primerov:<\/p>\n

Za zagotovitev semen solate izberemo ve\u010d rastlin iz iste sorte glede na prej omenjena merila.<\/p>\n

S pomo\u010djo udele\u017eencev te\u010daja ozna\u010dimo rastline s palico, vrvjo ali rob\u010dkom, da bi ugotovili, katere ne smemo rezati, saj so bile izbrane za seme (slika VI.3).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.3.-Ozna\u010devanje rastlin za seme s palico in vrvjo<\/p>\n

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Ko solata dose\u017ee svojo kon\u010dno stopnjo rasti, in je \u010das nabiranja minil, je nagnjena k cvetenju. Vidimo, kako se solata podalj\u0161a, listi postanejo vedno manj\u0161i, lo\u010dijo se drug od drugega. Solata izgubi svoj u\u017eitni vidik in osrednje steblo se odkrije (slika VI.4).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.4.-Spreminjanje razli\u010dnih solat, ki cvetijo<\/p>\n

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To spreminjanje je odli\u010dna prilo\u017enost za uporabnike, da opazujejo zanimiv razvoj te zelenjave.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V naslednji fazi se solata za\u010dne odcepiti od tretjine svoje vi\u0161ine in se kon\u010da s socvetjem, ki ga tvorijo \u0161tevilni rumeni cvetovi, ki se izsu\u0161ijo in nam dajo semena, ki so opremljena s pernatim kapusom (slika VI.5).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”1″ _address=”0.7.1″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” _i=”8″ _address=”0.8″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”0.8.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image admin_label=”Image 6.5a” src=”http:\/\/www.permind.eu\/learningplatform\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/FotoVI.5a-ADP.jpg” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″ always_center_on_mobile=”on” _i=”0″ _address=”0.8.0.0″]<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”2″ _address=”0.8.1.2″]<\/p>\n

Slika VI.5.- Zelena solata v cvetju in s pernatim kapusom<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”2″ _address=”0.8.2″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” _i=”9″ _address=”0.9″][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”0.9.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”6.2 Time to collect our seeds Text” _builder_version=”3.27.4″ _i=”0″ _address=”0.9.0.0″]<\/p>\n

Idealen \u010das za nabiranje semen je, ko kapus pokriva med 20 in 30% celotne povr\u0161ine. V tem trenutku prere\u017eemo spodnji del stebla in ga vstavimo v papirnato vre\u010dko, da se lahko popolnoma posu\u0161i na suhem in zra\u010dnem mestu.<\/p>\n

Trenutek rezanja stebla je odli\u010dna prilo\u017enost za uporabnike, da preverijo, da \u010de izvle\u010demo eno od perja iz kapusa, lahko vidimo, da so semena pritrjena na vsako od teh peres in da je \u010darobna zasnova, ki je koristna za prenos semena s pomo\u010djo vetra ali \u017eivali (slika VI.6).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image admin_label=”Image 6.6″ src=”http:\/\/www.permind.eu\/learningplatform\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Foto-VI.6a-ADP.jpg” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″ always_center_on_mobile=”on” _i=”1″ _address=”0.9.0.1″]<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text Image 6.6″ _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”3″ _address=”0.9.0.3″]<\/p>\n

Slika VI.6.-Fotografiji solate z idealnim odstotkom kapusa za odvzem semena in podobo, ki vle\u010de perje, da se vidijo semena.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”7.2 Time to collect our seeds Text” _builder_version=”3.27.4″ _i=”4″ _address=”0.9.0.4″]<\/p>\n

Ko je rastlina suha, obri\u0161emo cvetje med na\u0161o roko nad \u010disto, suho in jasno povr\u0161ino, kjer bodo semena padla (Slika VI.7). Potem o\u010distimo semena.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image admin_label=”Image 6.7″ src=”http:\/\/www.permind.eu\/learningplatform\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Foto-VI.7a-ADP.jpg” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ always_center_on_mobile=”on” _i=”5″ _address=”0.9.0.5″]<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text Image 6.7″ _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”7″ _address=”0.9.0.7″]<\/p>\n

Slika VI.7.-Posu\u0161ena solata in pridobivanje semen<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”7.2 Time to collect our seeds Text” _builder_version=”3.27.4″ _i=”8″ _address=”0.9.0.8″]<\/p>\n

\u010ci\u0161\u010denje semen je mo\u017eno z intuicijo; z opravljanjem \u010di\u0161\u010denja se uporabniki nau\u010dijo te spretnosti. \u010ci\u0161\u010denje je lahka naloga, ki zahteva \u010das, predanost in potrpe\u017eljivost, ki jo lahko razvijejo tudi ljudje, s katerimi delamo (slika VI.8).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”1″ _address=”0.9.1″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” _i=”10″ _address=”0.10″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”0.10.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image admin_label=”Image 6.8a” src=”http:\/\/www.permind.eu\/learningplatform\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Foto-VI.8a-ADP.jpg” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″ always_center_on_mobile=”on” _i=”0″ _address=”0.10.0.0″]<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.8.-\u010ci\u0161\u010denje semen<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”2″ _address=”0.10.2″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” _i=”11″ _address=”0.11″][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”0.11.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”7.2 Time to collect our seeds Text” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”0″ _address=”0.11.0.0″]<\/p>\n

Poglejmo nekaj primerov. Semena gremo skozi sita in cedila razli\u010dnih velikosti, dokler niso \u010dim bolj \u010dista (slika VI.9).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”1″ _address=”0.11.1″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” _i=”12″ _address=”0.12″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”0.12.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image admin_label=”Image 6.9a” src=”http:\/\/www.permind.eu\/learningplatform\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Foto-VI.9a-ADP.jpg” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″ always_center_on_mobile=”on” _i=”0″ _address=”0.12.0.0″]<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.9.-Sita in cedila za \u010di\u0161\u010denje semen<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”6.2 Time to collect our seeds Text” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”1″ _address=”0.13.0.1″]<\/p>\n

\u010ce semena \u0161e vedno niso \u010dista po tem, ko gredo \u010dez sita, lahko z njimi naredimo majhne kup\u010dke in ne\u017eno pihnemo, da lo\u010dimo semena od suhih ostankov (slika VI.10).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”1″ _address=”0.13.1″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” _i=”14″ _address=”0.14″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”0.14.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image admin_label=”Image 6.10a” src=”http:\/\/www.permind.eu\/learningplatform\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-VI.10a-ADP.jpg” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″ _i=”0″ _address=”0.14.0.0″]<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.10.-Fotografiji \u010di\u0161\u010denja semen redkve<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”6.2 Time to collect our seeds Text” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”1″ _address=”0.15.0.1″]<\/p>\n

Ko so semena \u010dista, jih damo v reciklirane kozarce, po mo\u017enosti v temne, da bi bolje za\u0161\u010ditili semena. Kozarce lahko od sosedov zbirajo uporabniki te\u010daja PERMIND (slika VI.11).<\/p>\n

Vsak kozarec mora biti ozna\u010den z ustreznimi informacijami o semenu (leto, sorta, kraj zbiranja\u2026). Mesto, ki ga bomo shranili, mora biti hladno, suho in temno; kozarce lahko shranimo tudi v spodnjem delu hladilnika, da podalj\u0161amo \u017eivljenjsko dobo semen.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image admin_label=”Image 6.11″ src=”http:\/\/www.permind.eu\/learningplatform\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-VI.11-ADP.jpg” align_tablet=”center” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” _builder_version=”3.23″ _i=”2″ _address=”0.15.0.2″]<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text Image 6.11″ _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”3″ _address=”0.15.0.3″]<\/p>\n

Slika VI.11.-Ozna\u010deni kozarci za ohranjanje semen<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”6.2 – The time for our seeds collection Text” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”4″ _address=”0.15.0.4″]<\/p>\n

V primeru bu\u010dk iz dru\u017eine cucurbitaceae je idealen sad, ki ga lahko izberete za pridobitev semena, med 5. in 8. sadom rastline, ki smo ga identificirali v skladu z merili za izbor, o katerih smo prej razpravljali. Po petem sadu je rastlina dovolj zrela, da lahko vidimo njene pozitivne lastnosti.<\/p>\n

Ko smo sad izbrali in ozna\u010dili s palico, vrvjo ali robcem, ga pustimo na rastlini, dokler ne dose\u017ee prevelike velikosti in spremeni barvo. Ko rastlina kon\u010da svoj cikel in se popolnoma posu\u0161i, sadove pred zimo razre\u017eemo, tako da se seme dovolj razvije. Izbran sad pustimo zoreti na zasen\u010denem in prezra\u010devanem mestu (slika VI.12). Ko opazimo, da plod za\u010dne gniti, izdolbemo semena.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.12.-Zbiranje bu\u010dk in su\u0161enje bu\u010d za pridobivanje semen<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”6.2 The time for our seeds collection Text” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”1″ _address=”0.17.0.1″]<\/p>\n

Da bi dobili in o\u010distili semena na\u0161ih bu\u010dk, jih moramo odpreti na pol, izdolbsti semena, oprati s cedilom in jih su\u0161iti ve\u010d dni (slika VI.13). Pomembno je, da se seme su\u0161i predvsem na son\u010dne dni. Ko se prepri\u010date, da so popolnoma suhi, jih vstavite v temne kozarce in le-te ozna\u010dite.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.13.-Fotografije dolbenja, \u010di\u0161\u010denja in su\u0161enja \u010drnih semen iz bu\u010de (cucurbitaceae<\/em>)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”6.2 The time for our seeds collection Text” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”1″ _address=”0.19.0.1″]<\/p>\n

Za \u010di\u0161\u010denje semen \u010debule, pora, \u010desnovih rastlin, moramo obrisati cvetove in nato dati semena v vodo, da jih dobro o\u010distimo. Vidimo, kako se dobro seme potopi, medtem ko prazna ali slaba plavajo. Odstranimo slab, zgornji del in nato razprostremo dobre, potopljene na kro\u017enik, da se posu\u0161ijo hitreje in jih nato preme\u0161amo, da se posu\u0161ijo do konca (Slika VI.14).<\/p>\n

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Figure VI.14.-Drgnenje, izbiranje in su\u0161enje semen<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”6.2 The time for our seeds collection Text” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”1″ _address=”0.21.0.1″]<\/p>\n

Su\u0161enje semen je treba opraviti na son\u010dne dni, a moramo paziti na veter. Nikoli ne bomo pustili semen zunaj \u010dez no\u010d, ker bi jih rosa znova navla\u017eila. Semena bomo me\u0161ali in su\u0161ili ve\u010d dni, odvisno od sonca. Ko so popolnoma suha, bomo dali semena v kozarce in jih shranili.<\/p>\n

Dobri pogoji pridelave, \u017eetve in skladi\u0161\u010denja zagotavljajo optimalno kalivost semen. Postopek \u010di\u0161\u010denja je odli\u010den trenutek za zaznavanje njihove kakovosti: zagotavljanje, da so semena polna. Da bi to preu\u010dili, jih lahko rahlo primemo, da se prepri\u010damo, da niso prazna. Opazovanje semena nam pomaga tudi zato, ker prazna semena izgledajo druga\u010de kot polna.<\/p>\n

V krajih z mo\u010dnimi zimskimi razmerami lahko s \u0161tudenti, znotraj u\u010dilnic, izvedemo celoten postopek semena kot rekreacijsko dejavnost.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Vitalnost semena lahko preverjamo s testom kalivosti, ki je lahko tudi za otroke zanimiv in pou\u010den<\/strong>.<\/span> Nekaj semen damo v kozarec vode. Semena pustimo potopljena 24 ur, nato pa jih odcedimo in postavimo na plo\u0161\u010do, prekrito z drugo plo\u0161\u010do, tako da so nekaj dni v popolni temi in potrebujejo manj \u010dasa za kalitev.<\/p>\n

Semena vla\u017eimo enkrat na dan, da ostanejo ves \u010das vla\u017ena. S tem zagotavljamo, da rastejo in lahko preverjamo stopnjo kalivosti (slika VI.15). \u010cas, ki ga potrebujejo semena za kalitev, je razli\u010den, odvisno od vrste semena, ki ga dajemo na plo\u0161\u010do. Na primer, 2 do 4 dni po tem, ko ste na plo\u0161\u010do polo\u017eili seme redkve, lahko vidite, kako so nekatera od njih \u017ee zrasla.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.15.-Razli\u010dne stopnje kalivosti semen \u010drne redkve<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”6.2 The time for our seeds collection Text” _builder_version=”3.27.4″ _i=”1″ _address=”0.23.0.1″]<\/p>\n

Proces kalitve je edinstvena prilo\u017enost za udele\u017eence projekta, darazumejo naravne procese, saj se pou\u010dijo o fotosintezi, ki je najpomembnej\u0161i proizvajalni proces narave.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

O u\u010dinkih, ki jih ima svetloba na rastline, jih lahko pou\u010dimo s postopkom kalivosti: \u010de bomo kaljena semena obdr\u017eali v temi, bodo steblo in listi ostali beli, \u010de pa pustimo, da svetloba dose\u017ee seme, bomo opazili, kako se zaradi procesa fotosinteze steblo in listi obarvajo zeleno (slika VI.16).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.16.-Slike u\u010dinka fotosinteze na krompir po brstenju v temi (obrnjen na glavo)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”6.3 Sowing in our greenhouse Text” _builder_version=”3.27.4″ _i=”1″ _address=”0.25.0.1″]<\/p>\n

VI.3 Setev v na\u0161em rastlinjaku<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Priporo\u010damo, da imate v lasti neko vrsto toplogrednih rastlin, da lahko posejate razli\u010dna semena, ki zagotavljajo obnavljanje zelenjave. To nam omogo\u010da, da upravljamo nasledstvo pridelave, ki bo kasneje prenesena v zemljo.<\/p>\n

Za setev v rastlinjaku je potrebna visokokakovostnapodlaga, tako da so sadike dovolj hranjene, da rastejo do presaditve. V prej\u0161nji enoti smo razlo\u017eili, kako in kje pridobiti podlago za na\u0161e semenske pladnje: iz komposta poti \u017eivljenja.<\/p>\n

Podlago moramo presejati, preden kompost uporabimo na pladnjih za seme. Dve osebi bosta sodelovali v tej dejavnosti, ki zahteva sito, lopato in dve samokolnici, eno napolnjeno z grobo podlago in prazno za gladko in gobasto podlago.<\/p>\n

Sito postavimo na vrh prazne samokolnice. Z lopato zajemamo zemljo in jo damo na sito. Nato obe osebi presejata podlago preko prazne samokolnice, tako da je napolnjena z gladko in gobasto podlago (slika VI.17).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.17.-Fotografije procesa sejanja in pridobivanja gladke in gobaste podlage za semena<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”6.3 Seeding in out nursery Text” _builder_version=”3.27.4″ _i=”1″ _address=”0.27.0.1″]<\/p>\n

Vsakokrat, ko presejemo, ostane gladka zemlja na situ. Grob material pa lahko ponovno uporabimo na poteh ali gredah in ga popolnoma razgradimo. \u010ce imamo \u0161e kak\u0161en preostali kompost, ga lahko hranimo, dokler ga ne bomo morali ponovno uporabiti.<\/p>\n

Ta dejavnost ponuja veliko terapevtsko prilo\u017enost za ljudi, s katerimi delamo, saj jim pomaga pri pridobivanju motori\u010dnih sposobnosti, kot so koordinacija pri sejanju z drugo osebo, pravilno dihanje in dr\u017ea.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Napolnimo vedro s presejano in gobasto zemljo. Vsebino damo v posode za seme, ne da bi jo stisnili. Zemjo damo na sredino pladnja za seme, da ustvarimo kup. S plo\u0161\u010do ali podobnim predmetom ali celo ne\u017eno z dlanjo lahko razporedimo zemljo v prazne re\u017ee in odstranimo odve\u010dno zemljo (slika VI.18). S to tehniko ustvarjamo majhne zra\u010dne \u017eepke na pladnju, ki prispevajo k bolj\u0161i rasti korenin sadik.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.18.-Polnjenje sejalni pladnjev z zemljo<\/p>\n

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Upo\u0161tevati moramo, da ne delamo s \u0161oto, zato pogoji niso enaki. Na primer, \u010de pustimo, da se na\u0161a zemlja popolnoma posu\u0161i, se bo strdila in potem bo te\u017eje spet vla\u017ena. Zemljo lahko obnovimo, \u010de jo pogosteje zalijemo z manj vode. Z na\u0161o zemljo moramo le upo\u0161tevati, da je ne smemo potiskati navzdol in da jo je treba pred polnjenjem sejalnih pladnjev le rahlo navla\u017eniti in ne namakati.<\/p>\n

\u0160ota je bolj vlaknasta kot na\u0161a zemlja, ki deluje kot goba, ker ima v notranjosti ve\u010d zra\u010dnih prostorov, kar olaj\u0161a obnavljanje vlage v pladnju za seme.<\/p>\n

V pladnje, ki smo jih posadili z na\u0161o podlago, lahko zrastejo nekateri pleveli, ki se jih da s pomo\u010djo uporabnikov enostavno odstraniti. Ta naloga spodbuja uporabnike, da se nau\u010dijo razlikovati med plevelom in sadikami zelenjave<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Glede na dru\u017eino rastlin, ki jo posejemo, imajo prvi listi sadike specifi\u010dno obliko, ki jo bomo vsaki\u010d bolje prepoznali. Na primer, prva dva lista zelja imata obliko srca, prva dva lista solate pa imata okroglo obliko.<\/p>\n

Po polnjenju pladnja bomo naredili luknje, tako da podlago ne\u017eno pritisnete s konicami prstov (Slika VI.19).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI. 19.-Izdelava lukenj v pladnju za sejanje semena<\/p>\n

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Semena ne\u017eno spustimo v luknje. Priporo\u010damo, da naredite vse luknje, preden za\u010dnete dajati semena v njih, da se izognete morebitnim napakam. S tem lahko vizualno sledimo setvi (slika VI.20). \u010ce v luknjo pade ve\u010d kot eno seme, je bolje pustiti ve\u010d semen, da po\u017eenejo, ker \u010de bi jih posku\u0161ali odstraniti, bi jih lahko po\u0161kodovali.<\/p>\n

Semena nato prekrijemo s prstom, da bi nadzorovali koli\u010dino zemlje, ki jo dodamo. Sloj zemlje mora biti debel kot velikost semena.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.20.-Dajanje semen v luknje in pladnji s prekritimi semeni<\/p>\n

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Ta setvena naloga je zelo terapevtska za ljudi, s katerimi delamo, ker se morajo osredoto\u010diti na to nalogo; obdr\u017eijo svoj um v tem trenutku, izbolj\u0161ajo svojo potrpe\u017eljivost, razvijejo sposobnosti za natan\u010dne in specifi\u010dne naloge in vidimo odnos, ki ga ima vsaka oseba z dolo\u010denimi semeni.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Izzovemo tudi ob\u010dutek napetosti o prihodnjem kaljenju semen, ki so jih posejali, kar pove\u010duje njihovo zanimanje in \u017eeljo po natan\u010dnem spremljanju razvoja semen.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Da bi lahko identificirali semena in sledili njihovi rasti, na pladenj pritrdimo majhen znak, ki navaja ime rastline in datum sejanja.<\/p>\n

Ko so semena pokrita, bomo pladenj ne\u017eno vla\u017eili z zalivalnikom ali \u0161kropilnico, pri \u010demer pazite, da ne odkrijete semena. Preverimo, ali je pladenj dovolj napojen, ko ga dvignemo in opazimo, da se je njegova te\u017ea pove\u010dala. Ne bomo ga ponovno zalivali, dokler seme ne za\u010dne brsteti.<\/p>\n

\u010ce hkrati posadimo ve\u010d pladnjev, jih po zalivanju, postavimo drug na drugega, saj semena hitreje kalijo v temi. Previdno jih premikamo, da bi prepre\u010dili premikanje semen, ki so lahko blizu povr\u0161ine. Zadnji pladenj pokrijemo z vla\u017eno vre\u010do ali podobno, tako da pladenj ostane vla\u017een in da s tem zagotovimo, da ostane v temi (slika VI.21).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.21.-\u0160kropljenje in dajanje novo posajenih pladnjev enega na drugega<\/p>\n

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Klju\u010dno je, da spremljamo kalivost semen tako, da previdno dvignemo eno stran vsakega pladnja, da bi ugotovili, kdaj jih je treba odstraniti iz kupa, ker \u010de so semena, ki kalijo, preve\u010d \u010dasa v temi, bodo hitro rasla, saj bodo iskala svetlobo. V tem primeru sadike vso svojo energijo vlo\u017eijo v rast, ki jih oslabi in v\u010dasih povzro\u010di, da odmrejo.<\/p>\n

\u010cas, potreben za seme, je odvisen od sorte zelenjave, ki jo posejamo: dva dni, \u0161tiri dni, en teden ali celo ve\u010d (slika VI.22).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.22.-Razvoj kaljenja semen solate<\/p>\n

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\u010cas, ki je potreben za presaditev, je odvisen tudi od vrste semena, ki ga posejemo: lahko se giblje med petnajstimi dnevi in dvema mesecema (slika VI.23). Odvisno je tudi od podnebja obmo\u010dja, prehranjevanja sadike, vla\u017enosti in sezone kalivosti. Vse to se bomo nau\u010dili s poskusi in napakami, pri \u010demer bomo uporabili informacije, ki jih najdemo v specializiranih priro\u010dnikih o semenih in setvi ter z lunarnim koledarjem teko\u010dega leta.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.23.-Pladnji z razli\u010dnimi sadikami, pripravljenimi za presaditev<\/p>\n

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Majhne pomanjkljivosti na\u0161e zemlje v primerjavi s \u0161oto so prevladale zaradi prednosti samozadostnosti, zapiranja ciklov s ponovno uporabo odpadnega proizvoda, ki ga pretvorimo v kakovosten vir na lokalen in odgovoren na\u010din. V nasprotju je te\u017eavas \u0161oto iz\u010drpavanje in kontaminacija zaradi pridobivanja in prevoza tega naravnega vira.<\/p>\n

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VI.4 \u010cas za presaditev v zemljo<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ko je \u010das za presaditev sadik v grede, moramo najprej zaliti pladnje. Poskrbimo, da ko jih potegnemo ven, sadike pridejo z lahkoto in s celotno zemljo (slika VI.24).<\/p>\n

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SlikaVI.24. – Vzemanje sadike solate in korenja s prsti<\/p>\n

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Lahko se zgodi, da so se nekatere sadike izkazale za nekoliko majhne, \u010deprav so v rastlinjaku ostale dovolj dolgo. V tem primeru jih je bolje presaditi v zemljo skupaj s preostalimi sadikami, da ne postanejo pre\u0161ibke.<\/p>\n

Da bi lahko izvlekli sadike iz pladnjev, lahko uporabimo orodje, kot jetop no\u017e, ki pa ga je treba uporabljati izredno previdno z rastlinami, kot je korenje, da ne bi odrezali korenine (slika VI.25).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.25.-Vzemanje sadik s topim no\u017eem<\/p>\n

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Razporedimo sadike v grede, kot je bilo opisano v prej\u0161nji u\u010dni enoti (Slika VI.26).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.26.-Sadike v pladnjih, ki jih je mogo\u010de presaditi in jih zasaditi v gredo<\/p>\n

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To dejavnost lahko kombiniramo tudi s tehniko neposredne setve, ki je druga\u010dna od sejalne. Medtem ko nekateri presadijo sadike iz rastlinjaka, lahko drugi posejejo semena v grede, ki jih postavijo pod mul\u010d, na isti globini, kot \u010de bi jih sejali v pladnje (slika VI.27).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.27.-Neposredno sejanje v grede<\/p>\n

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S konicami prstov najprej naredimo majhno luknjo, kamor spustimo seme. Nato ga prekrijemo s prsti, da lahko nadziramo koli\u010dino snovi, ki jo dodamo na seme.<\/p>\n

Druga\u010den na\u010din sejanja je pridelava semenskih gred neposredno v delu grede, zato lahko sadike kasneje presadimo v druge dele na\u0161ih zelenjavnih vrtov ali vrtnih gozdov.<\/p>\n

Prav tako dovoljujemo, da nekatere zelenjave cvetijo, tako da proizvajajo seme, ki se samozaseje v gredah, tako da pusti svoje seme na mul\u010d tako kot v naravnem ekosistemu (Slika VI.28).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.28.-Fotografiji zelenjave v cvetu in samozasejno obmo\u010dje<\/p>\n

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\u010cas potreben za rast sadik, ko so bile presajene, dokler jih ne pospravimo, je odvisno tudi od vrste zelenjave, ki smo jo zasadili, podnebja, obmo\u010dja itd. Za preu\u010devanje in spremljanje \u010dasa, ko seme potrebuje, da se razvije v popolnoma gojeno rastlino, ki je pripravljena na \u017eetev, uporabljamo terenski zvezek na vrtu in v rastlinjaku. Z uporabniki galahko kupimo ali naredimo sami. S tem krepimo ve\u0161\u010dine u\u010dencev, kot je stalnost pripisov v terenskih zvezkih vsak dan, kjer delajo tudi slovnica, matemati\u010dni izra\u010duni, ustvarjalnost pri risanju\u2026. (slika VI.29).<\/p>\n

V zvezku opi\u0161emo, kako se organiziramo. Lahko ga uporabimo za izra\u010dun \u010dasa, ki ga potrebujejo semena, da se razvijejo v sadike v rastlinjaku in zelenjavo, ki jo je treba pobrati.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.29.-Na\u0161i osebni zvezki za kmetovanje<\/p>\n

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Na primer, \u010de semena solate skalijo v pribli\u017eno treh dneh, in so nato en mesec v semenskem pladnju in mesec in pol ali dva meseca v zemlji, preden jo naberemo, vemo, koliko pladnjev potrebujemo v celotnem \u010dasu, da se zagotovi nasledstvo solat v rastlinjaku in v gredah, in tako vzpostavi kontinuiteto pri nabiranju in prodaji.<\/p>\n

Izdelava in prilagajanje doma narejenega terenskega zvezka ponuja odli\u010dno prilo\u017enost za umetni\u0161ko in terapevtsko delavnico za uporabnike projekta s pomo\u010djo in\u0161truktorjev. Zvezek ne deluje le kot vodilo za organizacijo dejavnosti v rastlinjaku in na vrtu, ampak ga lahko poka\u017eemo tudi ljudem, ki obi\u0161\u010dejo na\u0161e zelenjavne vrtove<\/strong><\/span>. V bele\u017enici lahko pustite presledke za risanje, risanje diagramov ali vstavljanje slik dogodkov na vrtu.<\/p>\n

Ljudje, ki sodelujejo v projektu, u\u017eivajo in se u\u010dijo, opazujejo rast rastlin in njihovih cvetov od trenutka, ko so posejani in vzklijejo,<\/span> <\/strong>naredijo cvetje in sadove, dokler se ne posu\u0161ijo in zorijo seme, ki pade na tla. Ta proces ustvarja harmoni\u010den in terapevtsko barvit kraj, kjer pre\u017eivimo nekaj \u010dasa, preprosto opazujemo lepoto na\u0161ih cveto\u010dih rastlin ali kako nastanejo semena.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Razli\u010dne metode setve, ki smo jih opisali, so zelo koristne, \u010de v dolo\u010denem trenutku ne uspe zasaditi nasledstva na na\u0161em vrtu. Metoda poskusov in napak nam pomaga izbolj\u0161ati na\u0161e znanje.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”6.5 Cultivating biodiversity Text” _builder_version=”3.27.4″ _i=”2″ _address=”0.49.0.2″]<\/p>\n

VI.5 Gojenje biotske raznovrstnosti<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Pri izbiri rastlin, ki jih bomo posadili, priporo\u010damo, da so vrste rastlin zelo raznolike in ob tem upo\u0161tevamo podnebje, letni \u010das in obmo\u010dje. \u010clanki, ki jih razli\u010dna raziskovalna in kmetijska sredi\u0161\u010da objavljajo o na\u010drtovanju pridelkov, so dober vir informacij za gojenje biotske raznovrstnosti v na\u0161ih zelenjavnih vrtovih in vrtnih gozdovih. V teh \u010dlankih lahko dobimo tudi informacije o kmetih z na\u0161ega obmo\u010dja in o njihovih izku\u0161njah.<\/p>\n

Gojenje biotske raznovrstnosti je najbolj\u0161i na\u010din za zagotovitev trajnosti projekta z zagotavljanjem na\u0161ih semen in letine ter s tr\u017eenjem na\u0161e zelenjave, sadja, u\u017eitnega cvetja in aromati\u010dnih rastlin (slika VI.30).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.30.-Sadni, zelenjavni in u\u017eitni cvetni kola\u017e, pripravljen za bio \u0161katle in prodajo na \u017eivilskem trgu<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”6.5 Biodiversity harvesting Text” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ hover_enabled=”0″ _i=”1″ _address=”0.51.0.1″]<\/p>\n

V na\u0161i hektarski posesti imamo nekaj ve\u010d kot 3.000 m2 uporabne kmetijske povr\u0161ine, na kateri gojimo ve\u010d kot 300 vrst uporabnih rastlin (u\u017eitnih, aromati\u010dnih, za pridelavo krme, medonosnih rastlin in za mul\u010denje); za na\u0161e sodelavce imamo tedensko proizvodnjo petindvajsetih bio-\u0161katel in prese\u017eek, ki je razporejen na osmih \u017eivilskih tr\u017enicah. Govorimo o povpre\u010dno \u0161estih kilogramih na bio \u0161katli in o enaindvajsetih izdelkih razli\u010dnih sort (slika VI.31).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.31.- Primer zgornejga dela bio-\u0161katle<\/p>\n

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Pomladi in poleti na primer prodajamo ko\u0161are napolnjene s \u0161vicarsko blitvijo, baziliko, zeleno, jaj\u010devcem, rde\u010do peso, brokolijem, vrnimi bu\u010dami, bu\u010dkami, bu\u010do, \u010debulo, koriandrom, zeljem, cveta\u010do, \u0161pina\u010do, kolerabo, fi\u017eolom, solato , repo, peter\u0161iljem, zeleno papriko, porom, malabarjevo bu\u010do, redkvicami, malo redkvico, rukolo, paradi\u017enikom, korenjem itd. In seveda ne smemo pozabiti na sadje s sadnega drevja, o katerem smo govorili v enoti IV. Tega lahko tudi prodamo.<\/p>\n

Na na\u0161ih vrtovih imamo tudi zelenjavo, ki raste hitro in nas prisili, da jo hitro poberemo, saj uspeva hitreje kot druge, ki lahko na vrtu ostanejo veliko dlje, kot so cveta\u010da, zelje, brokoli, koroma\u010d itd. Te zadnje vrste rastlin lahko odre\u017eemo ve\u010dkrat, saj obrodijo ve\u010d sadov, po tem ko pore\u017eemo prvi plod. Vsaki\u010d, ko bomo rezali, bo rastlina gojila nove plodove; \u010de pa rastlina po\u017eene preve\u010d novih vej, bo plod postopoma manj\u0161i. \u010ce pa rastlino pore\u017eemo in pustimo le dve ali tri veje, bomo spet pridobili velik plod.<\/p>\n

Med zelenjavo na\u0161ih zelenjavnih vrtov in vrtnih gozdov lahko posadimo ve\u010d vrst u\u017eitnih cvetov, kot so ognji\u010d, son\u010dnica, kapucinka, tresnica itd. Ti cvetovi bodo naravno \u0161irili svoja semena in se razmno\u017eevali. (Slika VI.32). Lahko jih damo v majhne posode, ki jih lahko ponudimo v na\u0161ih zelenjavnih ko\u0161arah. Tudi ti cvetovi so medonosni, ki med drugim privabljajo koristne \u017eu\u017eelke, kot je \u010debela, ki opra\u0161uje paradi\u017enik, bu\u010dke, kumare itd.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.32.-U\u017eitne rastline v vrtu<\/p>\n

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Lahko posadimo tudi razli\u010dne trajnice aromati\u010dnih rastlin, ki se prilagajajo obmo\u010dju, kot so ro\u017emarin, sivka, trajna bazilika itd., ki imajo tudi majhne cvetove, ki so u\u017eitni. Ker so te rastline ve\u010dje, jih moramo posaditi strate\u0161ko na vogalu gredic ali raztresene v sredi\u0161\u010du gredic. Te rastline so medonosne in aromati\u010dne in zato zelo koristne za na\u0161e zelenjavne vrtove in vrtne gozdove. Z njimi izdelujemo tudi snope.<\/p>\n

Kot smo opisali v tej enoti, lahko na podlagi na\u0161ih izku\u0161enj s podnebjem pridobimo veliko razli\u010dnih vrst u\u017eitne zelenjave preko celega leta. Z ustreznim permakulturnim dizajnom v drugem hudem zimskem podnebju bomo kar najbolje izkoristili koristno sadilno sezono in \u0161e vedno lahko dobimo sorto, dovolj veliko, da zagotovimo kontinuiteto semen in pridelka.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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VI.6 Nabiranje plodov za bio-\u0161katle<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Naloga nabiranja zelenjave, cvetja in aromati\u010dnih rastlin na\u0161ega u\u017eitnega vrta se lahko na prvi pogled zdi te\u017eka in neu\u010dinkovita dejavnost s \u010dasovnega vidika, potrebnega za \u00a0obiranje, v primerjavi z nabiranjem zelenjave, ki raste v gredah z eno samo sorto. Na podlagi izku\u0161enj lahko zagotovimo, da temu ni tako, ker je v vsaki gredi veliko razli\u010dnih rastlin in se nam pri obiranju ni treba preve\u010d premikati.<\/p>\n

S pomo\u010djo terenskega zvezka in tedenskih vzdr\u017eevalnih nalog gred lahko ugotovimo, kdaj in kje nabirati zelenjavo. Ne pozabite, da imajo pribli\u017eno vse parcele enako raznolikost zelenjave.<\/p>\n

Ko pobiramo pridelke to naredimo najprej na eni gredi, drugi dan pa na drugi in se potem pomikamo naprej po gredah (slika VI.33). \u010ce na primer pridelujemo izdelke, ki jih bomo tisti teden morali zau\u017eiti na prvi gredi, drugi teden bomo izdelke pobirali v druga\u010dni koli\u010dini, tako da lahko prvi plod spet zraste in se obnovi. S tem lahko v tretjem tednu spet pobiramo na prvi parceli in tako naprej.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.33.- Razli\u010dne grede iste kmetije v stalni pridelavi<\/p>\n

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Nabiranje zelenjave na tako raznolikem obmo\u010dju, ki je o\u010ditno kaoti\u010dno zaradi na\u0161e tehnike sajenja, postane pomembna terapevtska vaja.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Vsaki osebi centra dodelimo druga\u010dno zelenjavo, ki jo lahko nabere v dneh obiranja. V dolo\u010denem obdobju bomo ohranili isto nalogo, tako da se bo uporabnik lahko usposobil z vrsto nabiranja in \u017ee lahko za\u010dne dolo\u010diti najbolj\u0161a mesta za obiranje med tednom.<\/p>\n

S to tehniko obiranja uporabniki pridobijo samozavest in se nau\u010dijo, da so pri svojem delu u\u010dinkoviti pri izbiri pripomo\u010dkov in orodij, ki jih bodo potrebovali s seboj za obiranje sadov, na primer no\u017ee ali \u0161karje za obrezovanje in rezanje ter samokolnice ali \u0161katle za prevoz zelenjave.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ko se oseba, ki sodeluje v tej dejavnosti, po\u010duti dovolj usposobljena, je klju\u010dno, da dodeljeno zelenjavo zamenjaz drugim uporabnikom. Ta trenutek je dobra prilo\u017enost, da najbolj usposobljena oseba v tehniki obiranja nau\u010di drugo osebo, kako naj obira ali pa nove uporabnike te\u010daja. S to dejavnostjo spodbujamo podporo v parih (kar je dokazano u\u010dinkovito pri ljudeh z du\u0161evnimi boleznimi), s \u010dimer jim omogo\u010dimo, da razvijejo svojo samozavest ter poskrbimo za dru\u017eenje in komunikacijo med njimi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ljudje, ki v dneh vzdr\u017eevanja (torek, sreda in \u010detrtek v na\u0161em primeru delajo v zelenjavnem vrtu in vrtnem gozdu) zbirajo podatke o zelenjavi, ki jo bodo kmalu pobrali. Ne pozabite, da v vzdr\u017eevalnih dneh sadimo sadike v bli\u017eini zelenjave, ki je pripravljena za rezanje.<\/p>\n

Izberemo lahko dneve obiranja, ki nam najbolj ustrezajo (slika VI.34). To bi lahko storili en ali ve\u010d dni na teden, kot je v na\u0161em primeru. S svojim sistemom imamo razli\u010dne vrste in sorte rastlin, pa tudi razli\u010dne velikosti. \u010ce to storimo, bomo poskrbeli, da bomo na svojem u\u017eitnem vrtu vedno imeli rastline z razli\u010dnimi stopnjami zorenja. V na\u0161em sistemu je zemlji\u0161\u010de skladi\u0161\u010de, saj nam omogo\u010da, da zelenjavo zadr\u017eujemo v tleh dlje \u010dasa, kar nam daje ve\u010d \u010dasa pri nabiranju in torej pri tr\u017eenju z njimi.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.34.-Nabiranje zelenjave, u\u017eitnih ro\u017e in sadov iz vrta<\/p>\n

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\u010ce pridelujemo le enkrat na teden, moramo ugotoviti in opazovati, katera zelenjava je najbolj pokvarljiva in je tako pripravljena za obiranje in katera lahko ostane na vrtu nekoliko dlje, saj \u0161e vedno ni dosegla svoje polne rasti.<\/p>\n

Kot primer, \u010de gojimo solatne glave, naberemo tiste, ki so kompaktne, nare\u017eemo brokoli, ki je manj kompakten, in cveta\u010do nare\u017eemo, ko njen sad vidimo skoraj v celoti, in \u010de bi morali cveta\u010do ohraniti v na vrtu \u0161e nekaj dni upognemo liste, ki prekrivajo plod in ga za\u0161\u010ditimo pred svetlobo, saj cveta\u010da postane rumena. Obstajajo druge zelenjave, ki lahko ostanejo dlje \u010dasa v tleh, kot so por, \u010debula, rde\u010da pesa, redkev, \u010desen, koleraba itd. (Slika VI.35).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.35.-Rastline, ki lahko ostanejo dlje \u010dasa v tleh<\/p>\n

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Nasprotno, v obi\u010dajnih sistemih zelenjavo, ki jo posadimo isti dan, poberemo vso skupaj, zato so proizvodi bolj omejeni na tr\u017eenje. To bi se lahko zgodilo tudi v ekolo\u0161kem sistemu, ki obi\u010dajno sadi isto sorto na enem oddelku vrta.<\/p>\n

Po nabiranju z ljudmi iz projekta vso zelenjavo, ki smo jo nabrali, pripeljemo na obmo\u010dje trga, ki je namenjeno \u010di\u0161\u010denju in sestavljanju zelenjavnih \u0161katel (slika VI.36).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.36.- Proizvodi na \u017eivilskem trgu<\/p>\n

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En del trga rezerviramo za zelenjavo, ki jo je treba povezati v snope, kot so \u0161vicarska blitva, peter\u0161ilj, koriander, u\u017eitni in aromati\u010dni cvetovi\u2026 Snope skupajpove\u017eemo z nekak\u0161nim odpornim rastlinskim vlaknom, zna\u010dilnim za obmo\u010dje, ki smo ga posadili na na\u0161em permakulturnem vrtu (slika VI.37). S tem se izognemo uporabi plasti\u010dnih niti.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.37.-Izdelovanje snopov z vlakni banane<\/p>\n

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Drugi del trga uporabimo za zelenjavo, katere korenine in liste je treba o\u010distiti z vodo. To so rde\u010da pesa, por, redkev, korenje, zelena solata itd. Odstranimo le zunanje liste te zelenjave, ki ni primerno za prodajo. Mlade liste hranimo le, ker ohranjajo zelenjavo sve\u017eo dlje \u010dasa in ker vsebujejo tudi pomembno prehransko vrednost (slika VI.38). Na primer, liste korenja lahko uporabimo, kot da so peter\u0161ilj.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.38.-Pranje in \u010di\u0161\u010denje razli\u010dne zelenjave<\/p>\n

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Druga\u010dna terapevtska dejavnost, ki je zanimiva za uporabnike te\u010daja PERMIND, je organizacija razstave najrazli\u010dnej\u0161ih pridelkov na\u0161ega vrta v razli\u010dnih stopnjah rasti. Uporabniki so omogo\u010dili rast. To razstavo lahko organizirate v rastlinjaku ali na drugem primernem mestu.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Uporabniki morajo za razstavo izbrati eno od svojih najljub\u0161ih zelenjav in opazovati razli\u010dne faze rasti rastlin, ki so jih izbrali, da bi jih lahko umetni\u0161ko predstavili, ter jih razlo\u017eiti tako, da bodo njihove faze opisali v pravilnem vrstnem redu. To je dobra vaja za delo s konceptom cikla. (Slika VI.39). Na primer, \u010de izberejo rde\u010do peso, razstavijo sadiko v rastlinjakih, rastlino z zraslo korenino, cveto\u010do rastlino in na koncu rastlino s semeni.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.39.-Primer-razstava cikla rasti razli\u010dne zelenjave<\/p>\n

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Cilj te dejavnosti je opazovati cikel rasti, biotsko raznovrstnost rastlin, ki jih imamo na svojem vrtu, in raznolikost semen, ki jih dobimo. Razstava je dobra prilo\u017enost, da sodelavcem in obiskovalcem projekta poka\u017eemo razli\u010dne naloge, ki jih opravljamo v sredi\u0161\u010du, in tako naredimo delo, ki ga opravljajo ljudje z du\u0161evno boleznijo, vidno in poka\u017eemo potencial, ki ga imajo.<\/p>\n

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VI.7.-Prodaja na\u0161ih pridelkov<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Danes si \u017eeli jesti bolj zdravo vse ve\u010d ljudi. Cenijo neposreden odnos z ljudmi, ki pridelajo hrano, krepijo okoljsko in dru\u017ebeno zavest in kot potro\u0161niki zavzemajo aktiven odnos do agroekologije na splo\u0161no in zlasti do permakulture.<\/p>\n

Lahko prodamo zelenjavo, cvetje, aromati\u010dne rastline in sadje, ki smo jih gojili na permakulturni na\u010din, skozi razli\u010dne doma\u010de distribucije, kot je zelenjavna tr\u017enica v sredi\u0161\u010du, z zvestimi sodelavci, ki pridejo nabirat in kupit bio- \u0161katle (slika VI.40).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.40.-Fotografije \u017eivilskega trga<\/p>\n

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Ko sestavljamo bio-\u0161katle, uporabnike u\u010dimo razdeljevanja u\u017eitnih izdelkov. Na dno \u0161katle polo\u017eimo te\u017ejo zelenjavo, na primer rde\u010do peso, por, korenje, \u010debulo, bu\u010dke, kolerabo itd. (Slika VI.41).<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.41.-Polaganje te\u017ejih pridelkov na dno bio-\u0161katle<\/p>\n

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Zgoraj na te\u017eje izdelke polo\u017eimo manj\u0161e, kot so paprika, jaj\u010devci, brokoli, itd. Nato damo \u0161opke \u0161vicarske blitve, \u0161pina\u010de, peter\u0161ilja, koriandra itd., Zaklju\u010dimo pa s tem, da damo solate in najbolj ne\u017ene pridelke kot so u\u017eitne ro\u017ee.<\/p>\n

S tem ustvarjamo, spodbujamo uporabnike in krepimo njihovo pozornost do nalog, ki zahtevajo ne\u017eno ravnanje hkrati spodbujamo njihovo ustvarjalnost pri razdeljevanju \u0161katel <\/span><\/strong>(slika VI.42).<\/p>\n

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Slika V.42.-Zadnji koraki pri urejanju bio-\u0161katel<\/p>\n

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Ljudje lahko kupijo \u0161katle tako, da izberejo mo\u017enost fiksne tedenske \u0161katle, ki so jo pripravili ljudje, ki sodelujejo v projektu v skladu s tedensko proizvodnjo na\u0161ih u\u017eitnih vrtov in vrtnih gozdov, s predhodnim dogovorom o ceni, ki se ohrani ves \u010das; mo\u017enost nakupa \u0161katel z izdelki po lastni izbiri, ki imajo spremenljive in vi\u0161je cene; ali mo\u017enost nakupa samo dolo\u010denih izdelkov.<\/p>\n

Na podlagi na\u0161ih izku\u0161enj s prodajo bio \u0161katlel bi lahko rekli, da je najprimernej\u0161a mo\u017enost za stabilen in donosen projektmo\u017enost fiksne \u0161katle, ki je odvisna od proizvodnje in letine vsakega tedna, s sporazumom o ceni, ki ostane ista ves \u010das in z zvestimi kupci, ki \u0161katle kupujejo enkrat na teden ali vsak drugi teden (slika VI.43).<\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.43.-Bio-\u0161katle, ki so pripravljene za prodajo<\/p>\n

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S tem sistemom sodelavce projekta oziroma kupce ozavestimo tudi o tem, da \u0161katle ne pripravljajo po njihovi zahtevi, temve\u010d glede na to, kaj nam vrt ponuja, odvisno od letnega \u010dasa in na\u010drtovanja pridelave. To omogo\u010da sodelavcem, da sodelujejo v nenehnem u\u010denju z odkrivanjem nove zelenjave in sadja ter uravnote\u017eeno prehrano z ustrezno prehransko raznolikostjo (slika VI.44).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.44.-Pridelki iz bio-\u0161katle v hi\u0161i sodelavca<\/p>\n

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V na\u0161em primeru sodelavci dobijo ve\u010d kot sto u\u017eitnih in aromati\u010dnih rastlin skozi vse leto od ve\u010d kot 300 sort, ki se pridelujejo v na\u0161ih zelenjavnih vrtovih in vrtnih gozdovih.<\/p>\n

Prodaja \u0161katel na na\u0161i \u017eivilski tr\u017enici je tudi odli\u010dna prilo\u017enost za obve\u0161\u010danje sodelavcev o lastnostih cvetov in aromati\u010dnih rastlin, tako da na enem oddelku na trgu postavijo informativne liste z informacijami o tistih, ki so v \u0161katlah tistega tedna ( Slika VI.45). Udele\u017eenci projekta lahko s pomo\u010djo in\u0161truktorjev umetni\u0161ko oblikujejo te informativne liste<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.45.-Informativni listi o cvetovih in aromati\u010dnih rastlin na na\u0161em zelenjavnem trgu<\/p>\n

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Trenutek prodaje bio-\u0161katlel je tudi prilo\u017enost za izmenjavo zanimive energije. Ko sodelavec pride po svojo bio-\u0161katlo, iz svoje hi\u0161e prinese prazno \u0161katlo in vedro. Vedro, ki ga bo pustil na kmetiji, je napolnjeno z organskimi odpadki, ki so ostali od obrokov v njegovi hi\u0161i. Prazen zaboj je tisti, ki ga je prej\u0161nji teden pobral z zelenjavo, sadjem, aromati\u010dnimi rastlinami in cvetjem, ki jih je dru\u017eina sodelavcev uporabljala med tednom.<\/p>\n

Izmenjava energije se opravi, ko sodelavec zapusti kmetijo z napolnjeno \u0161katlo in praznim vedrom: \u0161katlo, napolnjeno z zelenjavo, sadjem, aromati\u010dnimi rastlinami in cvetjem za dru\u017einsko prehrano, in prazno vedro za organske odpadke, proizvedene v tem tednu.<\/p>\n

Gre za zanimivo energetsko izmenjavo projekta v smislu zaklju\u010dka energetskega cikla med ravnanjem s hrano in organskimi odpadki.<\/p>\n

\u010ce imamo ta teden zelenjavni in sadni prese\u017eek, ga lahko prodamo ekolo\u0161kim operaterjem s trgov kmetov, lokalnim trgovinam, skupini ljudi, ki kupujejo neposredno od proizvajalcev, restavracijam s hitro hrano, hotelskim restavracijam, \u0161olskim kavarnam, ki podpirajo zdravo prehrano z uporabo ekolo\u0161kih izdelkov itd. Tako krepimo idejo o lokalni mre\u017ei.<\/p>\n

V na\u0161em primeru obstaja dodatna dodana vrednost, ki je socialna razse\u017enost na\u0161ega terapevtsko-rehabilitacijskega centra za osebe z du\u0161evno boleznijo: vrednost ljudi, s katerimi delimo znanje.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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VI.8 Zaklju\u010dek<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Skupaj z u\u017eitkom pridelave na\u0161e zelenjave u\u017eivamo v pridobivanju semen in opazujemo, kako poteka razvojni cikel vsake sorte, in sicer tako, da pogledamo, kako rastline cvetijo in kako se opra\u0161ujejo ter oblikujejo semena. V zadovoljstvo nam je tudi \u0161iroka rastlinska in \u017eivalska biotska raznovrstnost, ki zagotavlja in bogati \u017eivljenje na na\u0161em planetu, da jo bodo lahko u\u017eivale tudi prihodnje generacije (slika VI.46).<\/p>\n

Razli\u010dne faze setve, vzdr\u017eevanja in obiranja nam ponujajo popolno prilo\u017enost, da se spomnimo, kak\u0161ni smo kot \u010dlove\u0161ka vrsta, in se resni\u010dno po\u010dutimo kot del okolja. Seveda to pomeni tudi, da moramo spo\u0161tovati in sprejemati svojo naravo znotraj naravnega sistema \u017eivljenjskega cikla in sprejemati naravni ritem vseh stvari. Kar se lahko zdi kot neprijetnost, se lahko celo izka\u017ee za veliko prednost (na primer, plevel se lahko na za\u010detku zdi slab, vendar navsezadnje ni tako slab).<\/p>\n

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Slika VI.46.-Barvit zelenjavni vrt<\/p>\n

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